Water is made up of 2 atoms, oxygen and hydrogen, that share electrons through a covalent bond. Atoms with higher electronegativities (such as oxygen or fluorine) will exert a stronger “pull” on electrons shared in a covalent bond.įor example, let’s look at water. As it is understood, polarity is dependent on the electronegativity of each atom in a molecule. The concept of solubility involves examining how a solute interacts with a solvent, which is primarily dictated by the polarity of both the solute and the solvent. Solubility, Intermolecular Forces and, Thermodynamics
#EMULSION EXAMPLES CHEMISTRY SKIN#
You can even bring this back to our biology to understand the interplay of lotions and our skin cells. Hence, light scattering and other “physics” concepts can be explored through lotions. Additionally, the molecules in an emulsion organize at scales similar to the wavelengths of light, which lead to an opaque appearance. We can bring the science of lotions back to the classroom in so many ways! For one, they are a great way to talk about intermolecular forces. As it turns out, lotions are a complex mixture of different substances that need to be combined - in certain proportions - in order to stably interact. We know lotions as creamy products that feel great on our skin. We encounter these types of mixtures everyday - in cosmetics, food, medicine, and some household products.
To a chemist, however, lotions represent a mixture where normally immiscible (unmixable) liquids are combined in a way that evenly distributes one of the immiscible liquids into the other, without dissolving it. In terms of marketing and advertising, lotions are typically lumped into the “cosmetics” category. This is true for the water and oil components that we are working to combine in a lotion. This is because vinegar and oil are chemically incompatible. In the case of lotions, we can employ a tool such as a stick blender.Īnyone who has combined oil and water knows that, regardless of how much you mix and shake, the vinaigrette will quickly separate into the oil phase (top) and water phase (bottom). To effectively combine water-based vinegar with oil, we might use a whisk or blender. Another example of this type of mixture lies in the kitchen when making a vinaigrette. This typically requires a rigorous mechanical force to shear and disperse one liquid into the other. In creating lotion emulsions, we are combining oil-based liquids and water-based liquids such that the end product appears as a uniform substance. An emulsion is a specific type of colloid because all the components of an emulsion are liquids. Emulsions are a specific type of colloid, or a mixture where microscopic particles are dispersed - without being dissolved - throughout another substance.
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